To analyze the clinical disease types, clinical characteristics, and prognosis of neonates undergoing enterostomy, as well as the risk factors for postoperative complications.

A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of neonates who underwent enterostomy in Baoding Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2013 to August 2023. These neonates were divided into an NEC (necrotizing enterocolitis) group and a non-NEC group according to the primary disease. The differences in clinical data between the groups were analyzed, and the clinical characteristics of neonates with enterostomy in the two groups were summarized. Based on whether postoperative complications occurred in NEC neonates, they were further grouped for analysis. Multivariate logistic regression models were employed to analyze the risk factors for postoperative complications.

A total of 80 neonates were included in this study. Among them, 37 cases (46.3%) were in the NEC group with the primary disease being NEC, and 43 cases (53.7%) were in the non-NEC group. The gestational age and birth weight of neonates in the NEC group were lower than those of the non-NEC group, and the proportion of low-birth-weight neonates was higher (all P＜0.05). The number of neonates with onset symptoms (fever, abdominal distension, hematochezia, and apnea), the number of neonates with hyponatremia, laboratory test results (e.g., C-reactive protein), postoperative clinical characteristics and complications (such as the time to achieve full enteral feeding, the incidence of high-flow diarrhea, and the incidence of combined tetinopathy of prematurity) were all significantly higher in the NEC group than in the non-NEC group (P＜0.05). The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in the NEC group was lower than that of the non-NEC group (P＜0.05). Within the NEC group, the onset age of neonates with complications was significantly later, and the incidence of respiratory failure was significantly higher than that of neonates without complications (both P＜0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that respiratory failure was a risk factor for postoperative complications in NEC neonates after enterostomy.

Neonates with NEC undergoing enterostomy have a younger gestational age, lower weight, later onset of age, more severe clinical manifestations, a higher incidence of postoperative complications, and a poorer prognosis. Respiratory failure is a significant risk factor for postoperative complications in NEC neonates undergoing enterostomy.