Intussusception is a distinctive form of intestinal obstruction characterized by the telescoping of a segment of bowel and its mesentery into an adjacent distal segment. Although its exact pathogenesis remains unclear, it is frequently associated with abnormal intestinal peristalsis, submucosal lymphoid hyperplasia, and the presence of a pathological lead point. Small bowel intussusception typically presents in infants under 1 year of age, with fever and vomiting being common. In contrast, ileocolic intussusception occurs more frequently in children over 1 year old and is often associated with an abdominal mass and pain. The nuclear-to-wall ratio (lipid core thickness/outer bowel wall thickness) is the most accurate differentiator: a ratio ＞1 indicates ileocolic intussusception, while a ratio ＜1 suggests small bowel intussusception. Treatment strategies vary depending on the type and clinical context. For small bowel intussusception with a symptom duration under 24 hours and an intussuscepted segment length ≤3.0 cm, spontaneous reduction is likely, and initial management with fasting and supportive care is recommended. For ileocolic intussusception, fluoroscopy-guided pneumatic reduction or ultrasound-guided hydrostatic reduction is the first-line treatment. Surgical intervention is indicated upon failure of enema reduction after three attempts, or if there is ultrasonographic evidence of secondary/persistent intussusception, or specific imaging findings (e.g., "appendiceal sign" or "air encircling the intussusceptum") during air enema reduction, or abnormal laboratory values (D-dimer ＞1.005 mg/L, lactate ≥3.0 mmol/L, or lymphocyte-to-CRP ratio＜0.121). The surgical approach is tailored to the underlying etiology. For primary ileocolic intussusception, laparoscopic reduction with ileocecal-lateral peritoneal fixation is optimal. In cases of persistent small bowel intussusception, transumbilical single-incision laparoscopic reduction, with or without resection, may be performed. For secondary intussusception, surgical management must include reduction, excision of the pathological lead point, and resection of any necrotic bowels.