In recent years, the incidence of ligament ossification in the canalis spinalis is commonly seen in clinical work. This disease shows regional characteristics and gradual development. It involves multiple vertebral segments, including cervical ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) and thoracic ossification of ligamenta flava (OLF), both of which are often acute and serious. Serious heterotopic ligament ossification constricts the spinal cord and nerves, and even shows adhesion with the spinal cord or nerves and results in serious limb dysfunction. The pathogenesis of this disease and the related influencing factors are complicated, and there is still no consensus on them. This paper reviews the advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis and therapeutic method relating to the ossification of ligament in the canalis spinalis.