Modern pediatric epilepsy surgery is the most important treatment for drug resistant epilepsy (DRE) in children. Thousands of published surgical series and several randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that surgical treatment is safe and effective for DRE. However, epilepsy surgery remains underutilized even in many developed countries. Many children who are potential surgical candidates are still suffering devastating seizures with cognitive/behavioral development being compromised. This review outlines important aspects of modern pediatric epilepsy surgery, including what are the indications for presurgical evaluation, how to perform presurgical evaluation by a multidisciplinary team of epilepsy specialists at a pediatric epilepsy center, and a brief introduction of epilepsy surgery including its recent advances. Hopefully, this review can help general pediatrician and neurosurgeons get a better understanding of pediatric epilepsy surgery and its further development in the future.