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Chinese Journal of Clinicians(Electronic Edition) ›› 2026, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (01): 19-27. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0785.2026.01.004

• Clinical Research • Previous Articles    

Association between blood glucose levels and risk of coronary artery calcification or mild cognitive impairment

Huan Wen1, Bo Su2, Jinbo Liu1, Hongyu Wang1,()   

  1. 1 Vascular Medicine Center, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing 100144, China
    2 Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
  • Received:2025-12-30 Online:2026-01-30 Published:2026-05-08
  • Contact: Hongyu Wang

Abstract:

Objective

To evaluate the effects of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) levels on coronary artery calcification (CAC) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in middle-aged and elderly populations (aged 40~80 years).

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted from October to November 2019 in Xishan Community, Shijingshan District, Beijing, China, recruiting middle-aged and elderly individuals aged 40–80 years. FBG and HbA1C values were collected. CAC was assessed via computed tomography (CT), and cognitive function was evaluated using the Chinese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-B). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to investigate the effects of FBG and HbA1C on CAC and MCI, and restricted cubic spline curves were employed to visualize the trend of associations between variables. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were finally conducted to assess the robustness of the results.

Results

A total of 1342 participants were enrolled, with a mean age of (59.9±7.1) years, including 492 males (36.7%). Among them, 609 participants (45.4%) had CAC, and 201 (15.0%) had MCI. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for confounders, each 1 mmol/L increase in FBG was associated with a 12% higher risk of CAC (odds ratio [OR]=1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03~1.23) and 13% higher risk of MCI (OR=1.13, 95%CI: 1.03~1.24). Each 1% increase in HbA1C was associated with a 29% higher risk of CAC (OR=1.29, 95%CI: 1.07~1.55), while the increase in the risk of MCI was not significant. The associations between blood glucose levels and CAC/MCI were more significant in females and non-obese populations. In non-diabetic individuals, the effects of blood glucose levels on CAC and MCI might be confounded by other factors.

Conclusion

Elevated blood glucose levels are associated with CAC and cognitive decline in middle-aged and elderly populations, but this association is not significant in non-diabetic individuals.

Key words: Fasting glucose, Glycated hemoglobin, Coronary artery calcification, Mild cognitive impairment

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