全世界痴呆症的患病率正以惊人的速度增长，是21世纪全世界面临的重大疾病负担之一。有证据表明，常见的血管疾病危险因素与痴呆发病相关，代谢相关性血管疾病能加速人类认知衰老。目前痴呆尚无有效的治愈方法，但科学方面的努力表明痴呆是可以预防的，可以在痴呆发生之前以及在其自然发病过程中认知能力下降的速度方面得到改善。这篇综述的重点是强调危险因素与痴呆症风险之间的关系，识别血管因素在痴呆预防中的重要地位，为今后提供血管健康管理预防痴呆的发生发展提供思路。

The prevalence of dementia is increasing at an alarming rate all over the world, which is one of the major burdens of diseases in the 21 st century.The evidence shows that common risk factors of vascular disease are related to dementia. Metabolic vascular diseases can accelerate human cognitive aging. At present,there is no effective cure for dementia, but scientific efforts show that dementia can be prevented.It can be improved before dementia occurs and slowed down the speed of cognitive decline in its natural history.This review focuses on the relationship between risk factors and dementia to distinguish the important role of vascular factors in the prevention of dementia.In order to provide the methods for vascular health management to prevent the occurrence and development of dementia in the future.