甲状腺木乃伊结节是具有恶性征象的良性结节，在高频声像图上与甲状腺乳头状癌有类似的表现如低回声、边界欠清晰、纵横比大于1、微钙化等，二者声像图虽表现相似但成因不同。另外也有特异性较高的声像图表现，如进行性缩小、黑白双晕征和连续完整的蛋壳样钙化。然而有时单纯使用高频超声对木乃伊结节的鉴别诊断有困难。随着超声弹性成像及超声造影在甲状腺结节诊断上的运用，可分别对木乃伊结节的硬度及微血管灌注进行全面评估，从而提高超声诊断的准确性，来避免进行过度的有创诊断。

Mummified thyroid nodules are benign nodules with malignant signs, which share some similar features to papillary thyroid carcinoma on high frequency sonography, such as low echo, ill-defined margins, taller-than-wide shape, and microcalcification. Although the sonograms of the two are similar, their causes are different. However, there are also some specific sonographic manifestations, such as progressive shrinking over time, regular peripheral black and white halos, and eggshell calcification. Nevertheless, it is sometimes difficult to make a diagnosis of mummified thyroid nodules by high frequency ultrasound alone. With the rapid development and improvement of ultrasound elastography and contrast-enhanced ultrasound, the hardness and microvascular perfusion of mummified nodules can be comprehensively evaluated, thus improving the accuracy of ultrasonic diagnosis and avoid excessive invasive diagnosis.