Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide in terms of morbidity and mortality. Persistent high-risk HPV infection is a necessary but insufficient condition for the occurrence of cervical cancer. Identifying the risk factors for HPV infection and closely following or strictly screening the high-risk population can reduce the occurrence and development of cervical cancer. Existing studies have found that age, smoking, and multiple sexual partners are risk factors for HPV infection. In addition, studies have found that different contraceptive methods, metabolic syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, diet, and education methods are significantly correlated with HPV infection. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen screening and education among high-risk women to prevent the development of cervical cancer.