To investigate the incidence of childhood renal diseases in Tibet region.

The children with renal diseases who were hospitalized at Tibet Autonomous Region People's Hospital from January 2015 to December 2018 were studied retrospectively. The cases who were hospitalized at Peking University First Hospital during the same period were included as a control group.

The incidence of renal diseases was 4.8% (398/8300). There were 204 cases of Henoch-Schonlein purpura (including 88 cases with nephritis), 44 cases of urinary tract infection, 41 cases of nephrotic syndrome, 26 cases of haematuria and proteinuria, 25 cases of urinary calculus, 23 cases of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, 18 cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (including 16 cases with nephritis), 12 cases of IgA nephropathy, 3 cases of isolated proteinuria, and 2 cases of isolated haematuria. The incidence of Henoch-Schonlein purpura and urinary calculus was much higher in Tibet Autonomous Region People's Hospital as compared to Peking University First Hospital.

Henoch-Schonlein purpura, Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis, and urinary calculus are common renal diseases in Tibet region. Due to the fact that the diagnostic and therapeutic conditions are relatively poor in this region, it is difficult to diagnose and treat some rare and severe renal diseases.