Association between serum soluble costimulatory molecule programmed cell death-1 and carotid atherosclerosis

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0785.2019.09.005

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective

To investigate the association between serum soluble costimulatory molecule programmed death factor 1 (sPD-1) and carotid atherosclerosis (CAS).

Methods

Sixty-nine patients with CAS plaques who underwent physical examination at Shanghai Huadong Sanatorium from January to December 2016 were selected as a study group (CAS group), and another 72 patients without CAS plaques were selected as a control group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the concentrations of serum sPD-1. The t-test was used to compare the difference of serum sPD-1 between the two groups. Pearson or Spearman method was used to analyze the correlations of serum sPD-1 with age, gender, smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index (BMI), waist hip ratio (WHR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipoprotein a [Lp(a)], and fasting blood glucose (FBG). Pearson or Spearman method was also used to analyze the correlation between plaque Crouse score and various indicators in the CAS group. The risk factors for CAS plaque were identified by binary Logistic regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to assess the diagnostic value of sPD-1 in predicting CAS plaque formation.

Results

The concentration of sPD-1 in the CAS group was significantly higher than that in the control group ([1.26±1.01] μg /L vs [0.64±0.49] μg/L, t=4.598, P<0.001). SPD-1 was positively correlated with age, BMI, WHR, TG, FBG, and HbA1c (P<0.05), and negatively correlated with gender (male as the reference), HDL-c, and LP(a) (P<0.05). Plaque Crouse score was positively correlated with age and SBP (P<0.05), and negatively correlated with TG (P<0.05). Age, drinking, LDL-c, and sPD-1 were identified to be risk factors for CAS plaque formation. ROC curve analysis showed that sPD-1 had medium diagnostic value for carotid atherosclerotic plaque formation (P<0.05).

Conclusion

sPD-1 may play a role in the formation and development of CAS plaques, and it has appreciated diagnostic value in predicting the formation of CAS plaques.

Key words: Soluble costimulatory molecule, Programmed cell death-1, Carotid atherosclerosis plaque

Jing Gu, Yong Fang, Yan Lu, Yibei Zhu. Association between serum soluble costimulatory molecule programmed cell death-1 and carotid atherosclerosis[J]. Chinese Journal of Clinicians(Electronic Edition), 2019, 13(09): 664-668.

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References 14

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组别	例数	男性［例（%）］	年龄（岁，±s）	吸烟［例（%）］	饮酒［例（%）］	BMI（kg/m²，±s）
CAS组	69	49（71.0）	60.75±10.74	24（34.8）	31（44.9）	25.38±3.17
对照组	72	52（72.2）	58.26±9.80	14（19.4）	5（6.9）	23.96±3.51
统计值	?	χ²=0.814	t=1.437	χ²=4.210	χ²=26.736	t=2.512
P值	?	0.376	0.153	0.040	<0.001	0.013
组别	例数	腰臀比（±s）	收缩压（mmHg，±s）	舒张压（mmHg，±s）	三酰甘油（mmol/L，±s）	总胆固醇（mmol/L，±s）
CAS组	69	0.89±0.05	131.46±18.11	74.6±10.49	2.22±2.41	5.19±1.16
对照组	72	0.85±0.05	121.94±16.66	71.74±9.25	1.82±1.30	5.12±0.92
统计值	?	t=4.161	t=3.244	t=1.727	t=1.228	t=0.410
P值	?	<0.001	0.001	0.086	0.222	0.681
组别	例数	LDL-c（mmol/L，±s）	HDL-c （mmol/L，±s）	脂蛋白α［mg/dl，M（Q_R）］	HbA1c（%，±s）	空腹血糖（mmol/L，±s）	sPD-1（μg/L，±s）
CAS组	69	3.10±0.71	1.30±0.36	6.10（3.60~21.40）	6.31±1.07	6.87±1.79	1.26±1.01
对照组	72	3.08±0.75	1.42±0.46	10.10（5.10~19.50）	6.36±1.11	6.91±1.74	0.64±0.49
统计值	?	t=0.181	t=1.679	Z=0.797	t=0.279	t=0.135	t=4.598
P值	?	0.857	0.095	0.426	0.781	0.893	<0.001

组别	例数	男性［例（%）］	年龄（岁，±s）	吸烟［例（%）］	饮酒［例（%）］	BMI（kg/m²，±s）
CAS组	69	49（71.0）	60.75±10.74	24（34.8）	31（44.9）	25.38±3.17
对照组	72	52（72.2）	58.26±9.80	14（19.4）	5（6.9）	23.96±3.51
统计值	?	χ²=0.814	t=1.437	χ²=4.210	χ²=26.736	t=2.512
P值	?	0.376	0.153	0.040	<0.001	0.013
组别	例数	腰臀比（±s）	收缩压（mmHg，±s）	舒张压（mmHg，±s）	三酰甘油（mmol/L，±s）	总胆固醇（mmol/L，±s）
CAS组	69	0.89±0.05	131.46±18.11	74.6±10.49	2.22±2.41	5.19±1.16
对照组	72	0.85±0.05	121.94±16.66	71.74±9.25	1.82±1.30	5.12±0.92
统计值	?	t=4.161	t=3.244	t=1.727	t=1.228	t=0.410
P值	?	<0.001	0.001	0.086	0.222	0.681
组别	例数	LDL-c（mmol/L，±s）	HDL-c （mmol/L，±s）	脂蛋白α［mg/dl，M（Q_R）］	HbA1c（%，±s）	空腹血糖（mmol/L，±s）	sPD-1（μg/L，±s）
CAS组	69	3.10±0.71	1.30±0.36	6.10（3.60~21.40）	6.31±1.07	6.87±1.79	1.26±1.01
对照组	72	3.08±0.75	1.42±0.46	10.10（5.10~19.50）	6.36±1.11	6.91±1.74	0.64±0.49
统计值	?	t=0.181	t=1.679	Z=0.797	t=0.279	t=0.135	t=4.598
P值	?	0.857	0.095	0.426	0.781	0.893	<0.001

变量	β值	SE值	Wals值	P值	OR值	95%可信区间
年龄	0.143	0.036	15.952	0.000	1.154	1.076~1.238
性别	-2.428	1.052	5.326	0.021	0.088	0.011~0.693
吸烟	-0.984	0.810	1.476	0.224	0.374	0.076~1.828
饮酒	-2.894	0.848	11.638	0.001	0.055	0.010~0.292
BMI	-0.073	0.138	0.281	0.596	0.929	0.709~1.218
腰臀比	-0.115	10.534	0.000	0.991	0.891	0.000~8.480
收缩压	0.001	0.048	0.000	0.991	1.001	0.991~1.099
舒张压	0.077	0.037	4.386	0.036	1.080	1.005~1.160
三酰甘油	-1.016	0.717	2.008	0.156	0.362	0.089~1.476
总胆固醇	4.451	2.592	2.949	0.086	8.567	0.533~1.376
LDL-c	-5.170	2.555	4.093	<0.001	0.006	0.000~0.851
HDL-c	-4.927	2.613	3.556	0.059	0.007	0.000~1.214
脂蛋白a	0.028	0.024	1.319	0.251	1.028	0.981~1.077
空腹血糖	-0.039	0.354	0.012	0.912	0.961	0.480~1.924
HbA1c	-0.274	0.593	0.213	0.644	0.761	0.238~2.430
sPD-1	2.481	0.801	9.583	0.002	11.955	2.485~57.518

变量	β值	SE值	Wals值	P值	OR值	95%可信区间
年龄	0.143	0.036	15.952	0.000	1.154	1.076~1.238
性别	-2.428	1.052	5.326	0.021	0.088	0.011~0.693
吸烟	-0.984	0.810	1.476	0.224	0.374	0.076~1.828
饮酒	-2.894	0.848	11.638	0.001	0.055	0.010~0.292
BMI	-0.073	0.138	0.281	0.596	0.929	0.709~1.218
腰臀比	-0.115	10.534	0.000	0.991	0.891	0.000~8.480
收缩压	0.001	0.048	0.000	0.991	1.001	0.991~1.099
舒张压	0.077	0.037	4.386	0.036	1.080	1.005~1.160
三酰甘油	-1.016	0.717	2.008	0.156	0.362	0.089~1.476
总胆固醇	4.451	2.592	2.949	0.086	8.567	0.533~1.376
LDL-c	-5.170	2.555	4.093	<0.001	0.006	0.000~0.851
HDL-c	-4.927	2.613	3.556	0.059	0.007	0.000~1.214
脂蛋白a	0.028	0.024	1.319	0.251	1.028	0.981~1.077
空腹血糖	-0.039	0.354	0.012	0.912	0.961	0.480~1.924
HbA1c	-0.274	0.593	0.213	0.644	0.761	0.238~2.430
sPD-1	2.481	0.801	9.583	0.002	11.955	2.485~57.518

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