Application of scalp cooling cap to prevent alopecia in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0785.2022.03.003

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective

To explore the effect of scalp cooling caps in preventing alopecia in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Methods

From January 2020 to December 2020, 202 breast cancer patients on chemotherapy were recruited in a tertiary hospital in Beijing, of whom 127 were included into an intervention group wearing scalp cooling cap during chemotherapy, and 75 was used as a control group to receive routine care. Photographs of the anterior, posterior, lateral, and top aspects of the head were taken before the first cycle and the last cycle of chemotherapy. The study nurses, who were not aware of the group of patients, assessed the degree of alopecia according to the toxicity classification criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO) for anti-cancer drugs before the last cycle of chemotherapy.

Results

Before the last cycle of chemotherapy, there were 86 cases (67.7%) without hair in the intervention group and 12 cases (16.0%) in the control group; the difference was significant (P＜0.001). The effective rate of wearing scalp cooling cap to alleviate hair loss in patients in the intervention group on different chemotherapy regimens was 60.9%-73.9%.

Conclusion

Wearing scalp cooling caps could effectively alleviate hair loss of breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy,and it is easy for the medical staff to operate, showing strong advantages in the clinical practice.

Key words: Breast cancer, Chemotherapy, Alopecia, Scalp cooling cap

Yue Wang, Linlin Zhang, Yingxin Wang, Fei Liu, Xing Ma, Hongtao Gu. Application of scalp cooling cap to prevent alopecia in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy[J]. Chinese Journal of Clinicians(Electronic Edition), 2022, 16(03): 207-212.

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Figures/Tables 5

分级	分级标准	化疗前	化疗结束
0级	头发无脱落
Ⅰ级	脱发＜25% （极少脱发）
Ⅱ级	脱发25%~49%（重度脱发、斑秃）
Ⅲ级	脱发50%~74%（头皮暴露明显，影响美观）
Ⅳ级	脱发75%~100%（完全脱发）

项目	干预组（127例）	对照组（75例）	统计值	P值
年龄（岁， $x ¯$ ±s）	51.0±11.3	53.0±12.5	t=-1.168	0.244
体质量指数（kg/m²， $x ¯$ ±s）	24.1±2.4	23.8±2.2	t=0.885	0.377
教育程度［例（%）］			χ²=0.561	0.755
初中及以下	30（23.6）	17（22.7）
高中或中专	46（36.2）	24（32.0）
大专及以上	51（40.2）	34（45.3）
婚姻状况［例（%）］			χ²=0.002	0.962
在婚	20（15.7）	12（16.0）
非在婚	107（84.3）	63（84.0）
工作情况［例（%）］			χ²=0.222	0.637
无工作	98（77.2）	60（80.0）
有工作	29（22.8）	15（20.0）
是否绝经［例（%）］			χ²=0.887	0.346
是	71（55.9）	47（62.7）
否	56（44.1）	28（37.3）
化疗类型［例（%）］			χ²=2.732	0.098
新辅助化疗	29（22.8）	10（13.3）
辅助化疗	98（77.2）	65（86.7）
化疗方案［例（%）］			χ²=0.247	0.884
紫杉醇类	66（52.0）	41（54.7）
蒽环类	23（18.1）	14（18.7）
蒽环类+紫杉醇类	38（29.9）	20（13.3）

项目	干预组（127例）	对照组（75例）	统计值	P值
年龄（岁， $x ¯$ ±s）	51.0±11.3	53.0±12.5	t=-1.168	0.244
体质量指数（kg/m²， $x ¯$ ±s）	24.1±2.4	23.8±2.2	t=0.885	0.377
教育程度［例（%）］			χ²=0.561	0.755
初中及以下	30（23.6）	17（22.7）
高中或中专	46（36.2）	24（32.0）
大专及以上	51（40.2）	34（45.3）
婚姻状况［例（%）］			χ²=0.002	0.962
在婚	20（15.7）	12（16.0）
非在婚	107（84.3）	63（84.0）
工作情况［例（%）］			χ²=0.222	0.637
无工作	98（77.2）	60（80.0）
有工作	29（22.8）	15（20.0）
是否绝经［例（%）］			χ²=0.887	0.346
是	71（55.9）	47（62.7）
否	56（44.1）	28（37.3）
化疗类型［例（%）］			χ²=2.732	0.098
新辅助化疗	29（22.8）	10（13.3）
辅助化疗	98（77.2）	65（86.7）
化疗方案［例（%）］			χ²=0.247	0.884
紫杉醇类	66（52.0）	41（54.7）
蒽环类	23（18.1）	14（18.7）
蒽环类+紫杉醇类	38（29.9）	20（13.3）

组别	例数	0级	Ⅰ级	Ⅱ级	Ⅲ级	Ⅳ级
干预组	127	27（21.3）	40（31.5）	19（15.0）	20（15.7）	21（16.5）
对照组	75	0（0）	3（4.0）	9（12.0）	17（22.7）	46（61.3）

治疗方案	干预组（127例）		对照组（75例）
治疗方案	未脱发	脱发	未脱发	脱发
紫杉醇类	45（60.9）	21（39.1）	5（12.2）	36（87.8）
蒽环类	17（73.9）	6（26.1）	4（28.6）	10（71.4）
蒽环类+紫杉醇类	24（63.3）	14（36.7）	3（15.0）	17（85.0）
χ²值	0.772		2.103
P值	0.680		0.349

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