To detect the expression of p27 and cyclin E in patients with endometriosis (EMT) and analyze their relationship with clinicopathological characteristics and pregnancy.

Eighty-one patients with EMT complicated with infertility treated at Jiujiang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jiangxi Province between January 2016 and January 2021 were selected as an EMT group, and another 60 patients without EMT treated during the same period were included in a control group. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of p27 and cyclin E in endometrial tissues, and the staining intensity and the percentage of positive cells were evaluated by semi-quantitative method. The positive expression status of p27 and cyclin E was statistically analyzed.

In the EMT group, the positive rate of p27 was 55.56% in ectopic endometrial tissues and 58.02% in eutopic endometrial tissues, both of which were significantly lower than that in normal endometrial tissues of the control group (81.67%; P＜0.05); the positive rate of cyclin E was 69.14% in ectopic endometrial tissues and 51.85% in eutopic endometrial tissues, both of which were significantly higher than that of the control group (25.00%; P＜0.05). Among 81 patients with EMT, the positive rate of p27 in infiltrating ectopic endometrial tissue was lower than that in ovarian type (36.36% vs 62.71%, P＜0.05), while the positive rate of cyclin E was higher than that of ovarian type (90.91% vs 62.07%, P＜0.05). The positive rate of p27 in stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ ectopic endometrial tissues was lower than that in stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ (39.02% vs 72.50%, P＜0.05), while the positive rate of cyclin E was higher in stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ ectopic endometrial tissues than in stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ (82.93% vs 55.00%, P＜0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that p27 protein expression was negatively correlated with cyclin E expression and revised American Fertility Society (rAFS) score (P＜0.05), but was positively correlated with endometrial receptivity Salle score (P＜0.05). cyclin E expression was negatively correlated with Salle score (P＜0.05) and positively correlated with rAFS score (P＜0.05). A total of 38 (46.91%) of 81 patients were pregnant at 24 months after surgery. The pregnancy rate of patients with positive expression of p27 was higher that of p27 negative patients (57.78% vs 33.33%, P＜0.05), while the pregnancy rate of patients with cyclin E positive expression was lower than that of cyclin E negative patients (37.50% vs 68.00%, P＜0.05). After adjusting for age, body mass index, menstrual cycle, preoperative dysmenorrhea Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) score, Salle score, rAFS score, and other factors, it was found that the positive expression of cyclin-E was the influencing factor of pregnancy outcomes at 24 months after surgery (P＜0.05).

p27 protein expression is low and cyclin E expression is high in patients with EMT, and the two are correlated with the clinical type, stage, and disease severity. High expression of cyclin E may be related to the outcomes of pregnancy.