Relationship between resting heart rate and arterial stiffness in apparently normal She minority people in Fujian Province

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0785.2022.07.016

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective

To evaluate the relationship between resting heart rate (RHR) and arterial stiffness in apparently normal She minority people from Fujian Province, China.

Methods

A total of 511 She minority participants from six natural villages were enrolled into this study using cluster sampling method in 2009. Eventually, 325 subjects with full data were analyzed. All subjects were detected for carotid femoral pulse wave velocity (CF-PWV), carotid radial pulse wave velocity (CR-PWV), cardio ankle vascular index (CAVI), ankle brachial index (ABI), and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) by Doppler ultrasound, and blood tests were performed for measuring fasting plasma glucose (FPG), blood lipids, blood uric acid (UA), and high sensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP). RHR was the mean of three values measured using VS-1000 vascular detection equipment and ultrasound equipment.

Results

Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TC/HDL-C), HDL-C, CF-PWV, and CR-PWV were significantly different among participants classified into different quartiles of RHR (RHR₁: ≤61 beats/min; RHR₂: 62~69 beats/min; RHR₃: 70~77 beats/min; RHR₄: ≥78 beats/min) (P＜0.05); SBP, DBP, TC/HDL-C, CF-PWV, and CR-PWV in the RHR₄ group were significantly higher than those in the RHR₁ group (P＜0.05), but HDL-C in the RHR₄ group was significantly lower than that of the RHR₁ group (P＜0.05). However, there were no statistical difference in CAVI, ABI, or CIMT among different RHR groups (P＞0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated in the model without adjustment, RHR₄ was associated with higher CF-PWV (CF-PWV＞9 m/s; odds ratio [OR]=3.074, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.555~6.075, P＜0.05) compared with RHR1. After adjustment for age and gender, the OR of RHR₄ was 4.542 (95%CI: 2.078~9.928, P＜0.05). And after further adjustment for SBP, DBP, plasma lipids, FPG, and hs-CRP, the OR of RHR₄ was 5.336 (95%CI: 1.512~18.831, P＜0.05).

Conclusion

In apparently normal She minority people in Fujian Province, China, high RHR is followed by high levels of blood pressure, plasma lipids, and arterial stiffness. Furthermore, higher rest heart rate is independently associated with arterial stiffness.

Key words: She minority, Resting heart rate, Arterial stiffness

Wei Huang, Xiuqin Wu, Huan Liu, Yongqiang Hong, Hongyu Wang. Relationship between resting heart rate and arterial stiffness in apparently normal She minority people in Fujian Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Clinicians(Electronic Edition), 2022, 16(07): 685-690.

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Figures/Tables 2

变量	全部（n=325）	RHR₁组（n=82）	RHR₂组（n=88）	RHR₃组（n=76）	RHR₄组（n=79）	P值
年龄（岁， $x ¯$ ±s）	47.94±13.81	49.80±15.38	47.49±13.33	45.51±13.44	48.84±12.82	0.234
男性［例（%）］	44.9	54.9	42.0	40.8	41.8	0.221
BMI（kg/m²， $x ¯$ ±s）	23.85±3.26	23.40±2.79	23.42±3.06	24.32±3.00	24.32±4.02	0.096
RHR（次/分， $x ¯$ ±s）	71.11±13.03	57.67±3.75	65.82±2.23	73.84±2.36	88.31±12.30	＜0.001
SBP（mmHg， $x ¯$ ±s）	149.62±22.87	149.91±22.64	145.06±22.70	150.24±21.93	-	0.100^b
DBP（mmHg， $x ¯$ ±s）	91.10±12.24	88.24±9.96	88.63±12.05	92.34±11.64	95.61±13.79^a	＜0.001
PP（mmHg， $x ¯$ ±s）	58.53±15.83	61.67±17.19	56.43±15.66	57.89±14.53	58.22±15.56	0.177
TC/HDL（ $x ¯$ ±s）	3.42±0.93	3.11±0.82	3.41±1.02	3.60±0.87	3.55±0.93^a	0.010
TC（mmol/L， $x ¯$ ±s）	5.16±1.12	5.11±1.16	5.07±1.02	5.24±1.34	5.22±0.96	0.777
TG（mmol/L， $x ¯$ ±s）	1.27±1.10	0.98±0.75	1.40±1.35	1.27±0.88	1.39±1.24^a	0.085
HDL-C（mmol/L， $x ¯$ ±s）	1.58±0.40	1.70±0.39	1.58±0.45	1.49±0.34	1.54±0.38^a	0.018
LDL-C（mmol/L， $x ¯$ ±s）	2.95±0.89	2.87±0.90	2.83±0.78	3.11±1.05	3.01±0.8	0.208
FPG（mmol/L， $x ¯$ ±s）	5.32±1.29	5.26±1.55	5.31±1.38	5.30±1.03	5.42±1.15	0.903
hs-CRP（mg/L， $x ¯$ ±s）	3.82±5.59	4.06±5.90	2.51±1.56	4.19±5.46	4.40±7.40	0.424
UA（umol/L $x ¯$ ±s）	286.19±78.30	288.46±62.07	279.23±83.49	292.68±88.07	285.62±77.98	0.775
WBC（10^×9/L， $x ¯$ ±s）	7.61±2.07	7.03±1.84	7.55±2.10	7.75±2.16	8.12±2.06^a	0.018
CF-PWV（m/s， $x ¯$ ±s）	9.60±1.62	9.31±1.57	9.31±1.45	9.54±1.41	10.29±1.85^a	＜0.001
CR-PWV（m/s， $x ¯$ ±s）	9.98±1.36	9.77±1.48	9.90±1.15	9.90±1.23	10.35±1.52^a	0.037
CAVI（ $x ¯$ ±s）	7.35±1.29	7.42±1.14	7.32±1.23	7.14±1.33	7.50±1.46	0.358
L-ABI（ $x ¯$ ±s）	1.10±0.10	1.10±0.09	1.12±0.11	1.10±0.09	1.10±0.10	0.540
R-ABI（ $x ¯$ ±s）	1.12±0.09	1.11±0.08	1.14±0.09	1.12±0.08	1.11±0.10	0.279
L-CIMT（um， $x ¯$ ±s）	551.54±131.26	554.37±138.14	545.72±125.62	549.39±147.72	557.23±114.14	0.945
R-CIMT（um， $x ¯$ ±s）	539.46±135.23	543.26±149.65	535.20±136.86	538.49±130.94	541.21±123.19	0.983

变量	全部（n=325）	RHR₁组（n=82）	RHR₂组（n=88）	RHR₃组（n=76）	RHR₄组（n=79）	P值
年龄（岁， $x ¯$ ±s）	47.94±13.81	49.80±15.38	47.49±13.33	45.51±13.44	48.84±12.82	0.234
男性［例（%）］	44.9	54.9	42.0	40.8	41.8	0.221
BMI（kg/m²， $x ¯$ ±s）	23.85±3.26	23.40±2.79	23.42±3.06	24.32±3.00	24.32±4.02	0.096
RHR（次/分， $x ¯$ ±s）	71.11±13.03	57.67±3.75	65.82±2.23	73.84±2.36	88.31±12.30	＜0.001
SBP（mmHg， $x ¯$ ±s）	149.62±22.87	149.91±22.64	145.06±22.70	150.24±21.93	-	0.100^b
DBP（mmHg， $x ¯$ ±s）	91.10±12.24	88.24±9.96	88.63±12.05	92.34±11.64	95.61±13.79^a	＜0.001
PP（mmHg， $x ¯$ ±s）	58.53±15.83	61.67±17.19	56.43±15.66	57.89±14.53	58.22±15.56	0.177
TC/HDL（ $x ¯$ ±s）	3.42±0.93	3.11±0.82	3.41±1.02	3.60±0.87	3.55±0.93^a	0.010
TC（mmol/L， $x ¯$ ±s）	5.16±1.12	5.11±1.16	5.07±1.02	5.24±1.34	5.22±0.96	0.777
TG（mmol/L， $x ¯$ ±s）	1.27±1.10	0.98±0.75	1.40±1.35	1.27±0.88	1.39±1.24^a	0.085
HDL-C（mmol/L， $x ¯$ ±s）	1.58±0.40	1.70±0.39	1.58±0.45	1.49±0.34	1.54±0.38^a	0.018
LDL-C（mmol/L， $x ¯$ ±s）	2.95±0.89	2.87±0.90	2.83±0.78	3.11±1.05	3.01±0.8	0.208
FPG（mmol/L， $x ¯$ ±s）	5.32±1.29	5.26±1.55	5.31±1.38	5.30±1.03	5.42±1.15	0.903
hs-CRP（mg/L， $x ¯$ ±s）	3.82±5.59	4.06±5.90	2.51±1.56	4.19±5.46	4.40±7.40	0.424
UA（umol/L $x ¯$ ±s）	286.19±78.30	288.46±62.07	279.23±83.49	292.68±88.07	285.62±77.98	0.775
WBC（10^×9/L， $x ¯$ ±s）	7.61±2.07	7.03±1.84	7.55±2.10	7.75±2.16	8.12±2.06^a	0.018
CF-PWV（m/s， $x ¯$ ±s）	9.60±1.62	9.31±1.57	9.31±1.45	9.54±1.41	10.29±1.85^a	＜0.001
CR-PWV（m/s， $x ¯$ ±s）	9.98±1.36	9.77±1.48	9.90±1.15	9.90±1.23	10.35±1.52^a	0.037
CAVI（ $x ¯$ ±s）	7.35±1.29	7.42±1.14	7.32±1.23	7.14±1.33	7.50±1.46	0.358
L-ABI（ $x ¯$ ±s）	1.10±0.10	1.10±0.09	1.12±0.11	1.10±0.09	1.10±0.10	0.540
R-ABI（ $x ¯$ ±s）	1.12±0.09	1.11±0.08	1.14±0.09	1.12±0.08	1.11±0.10	0.279
L-CIMT（um， $x ¯$ ±s）	551.54±131.26	554.37±138.14	545.72±125.62	549.39±147.72	557.23±114.14	0.945
R-CIMT（um， $x ¯$ ±s）	539.46±135.23	543.26±149.65	535.20±136.86	538.49±130.94	541.21±123.19	0.983

模型	动脉硬化（CF-PWV＞9 m/s）
模型	β值	Wald χ²值	OR值	95%CI	P值
未调整模型
RHR₁	-	15.381	-	-	-
RHR₂	-	0.217	0.867	0.475~1.583	0.641
RHR₃	0.330	1.046	1.391	0.739~2.616	0.306
RHR₄	1.123	10.433	3.074	1.555~6.075	0.001
调整年龄和性别
RHR₁	-	19.516	-	-	-
RHR₂	0.070	0.040	1.073	0.538~2.139	0.842
RHR₃	0.842	4.998	2.321	1.109~4.858	0.025
RHR₄	1.513	14.382	4.542	2.078~9.928	0.000
调整以上加SBP、DBP、TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、FPG、hs-CRP
RHR₁	-	6.938	-	-	-
RHR₂	0.840	2.023	2.318	0.728~7.381	0.155
RHR₃	0.684	1.270	1.982	0.603~6.513	0.260
RHR₄	1.674	6.774	5.336	1.512~18.831	0.009

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