To evaluate the efficacy of moxifloxacin combined with Lactobacillus capsules for vaginal use in the treatment of aerobic vaginitis (AV) and its effect on relapse.

A total of 124 patients diagnosed with aerobic vaginitis from February 2020 to March 2021 at the Departments of Gynecology and Reproduction, Maternity and Child Health Care of Zaozhuang, and the Departments of Gynecology and Reproduction, Maternity and Child Health Care of Tengzhou were included retrospectively. The patients were treated with either moxifloxacin alone (n=56) or moxifloxacin combined with Lactobacillus capsules for vaginal use. The pH value, AV score, and the inflammatory indicators interleukin-8 (IL-8) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were compared between the two patient groups before and after treatment. The remission of symptoms and recurrence were also compared between the two groups.

After treatment, the pH value, AV score, and IL-8 and IL-1β levels were lower the values before treatment in both groups, and these indexes were significantly better in the combination group than in the moxifloxacin alone group (P<0.05). After treatment, the number of patients with clinical symptoms decreased in both groups, but no significant difference in the proportion of symptomatic patients was noted between the two groups (P＞0.05). The effective rate of the combined treatment group (83.05%) was significantly higher than that of the moxifloxacin alone group (67.69%; P＜0.05). At the second follow-up, five patients in the moxifloxacin group and four in the combination group had similar recurrence rates (P＞0.05).

Moxifloxacin combined with Lactobacillus capsules for vaginal use can effectively treat aerobic vaginitis, reduce AV score and pH value, and improve clinical symptoms, providing a new avenue for the treatment of aerobic vaginitis.