To investigate the expression of serum microRNA (miRNA)-10b and miRNA-34a in patients with endometriosis (EMT) and to analyze their relationship with postoperative recurrence.

One hundred and twenty-six patients with endometriosis treated at our hospital from January 2017 to December 2019 were selected as an observation group, and 89 healthy women of childbearing age who visited our hospital from January 2017 to December 2019 were selected as a control group. All EMT patients were followed for 1 year, using outpatient, telephone, or WeChat method to observe postoperative recurrence. Real-time fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to determine the expression of miRNA-10b and miRNA-34a in serum. The relative expression of miRNA-10b and miRNA-34a in serum was compared between the observation and control groups, and between the relapsed and non-relapsed groups. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to analyze the predictive value of miRNA-10b and miRNA-34a in postoperative recurrence of EMT. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the risk factors for postoperative recurrence of EMT. Pearson's correlation analysis was perform to explore the correlation between miRNA-10b and miRNA-34a and postoperative recurrence.

The relative expression of miRNA-10b and miRNA-34a in the EMT group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P＜0.05). At the 1-year follow-up, 29 cases relapsed and 97 did not. The relative expression of miRNA-10b and miRNA-34a in the relapsed group was significantly higher than that of the non-relapsed group (P＜0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that miRNA-10b had a sensitivity of 68.75% and specificity of 69.23% in predicting recurrence of EMT; miRNA-34a had a sensitivity of 66.67% and specificity of 57.14% in predicting recurrence of EMT. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that miRNA-10b and miRNA-34a were risk factors for recurrence of EMT. According to Pearson's correlation analysis, miRNA-10b and miRNA-34a were positively correlated with postoperative recurrence of EMT.

Serum miRNA-10b and miRNA-34a are elevated in EMT patients and are positively correlated with postoperative recurrence of EMT; they are risk factors for recurrence of EMT and have good sensitivity and specificity in predicting recurrence after EMT.