In recent years, with the development of materials science, some nanomaterials have shown great advantages in various applications due to their good physical and chemical properties. Among them, carbon nanotube (CNT) is an allotrope of carbon. It is one of the more common carbon-based nanomaterials. Since CNT has good physical, chemical, and biological properties, it has attracted the attention of many researchers. Chitosan (CHI) is a natural biopolymer after the deacetylation of chitin. It is non-toxic and contains a large number of hydroxyl and amino functional groups. CHI is difficult to dissolve in water, but it can be dissolved in acidic solutions and can improve the CNT in aqueous solution, as well as dispersibility and biocompatibility in the medium. Therefore, many scholars have tried to combine CNT and CHI to make a CNT/CHI composite, which has high sensitivity, good stability, simple production, and low cost. As a new type of biocomposite material, CNT/CHI composite can be used in the biomedical field. This article summarizes the recent research progress of CNT/CHI composites with regard to its biomedical properties such as mechanical properties, antibacterial activity, immune activity, and role in tissue healing.