To investigate the incidence and risk factors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants born from 2017 to 2019 in Hainan.

A total of 1137 cases of premature infants born at our hospital or referred to our hospital from January 2017 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed, including 689 males and 448 females with a gestational age <37 weeks. The incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia was analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the risk factors for premature BPD.

BPD was found in 30 (2.63%) of 1137 premature infants. The incidence of BPD was 63.6% in preterm infants with a gestational age ≤28 weeks and 3% in preterm infants with a gestational age between 28 weeks and 32 weeks, and 62.9% and 12.7% in preterm infants with birth weight <1250 g and 1250~1500 g, respectively (P＜0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that fetal age ≤28 weeks (odds ratio [OR]=2.26, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.35~3.78), birth weight≤1250 g (OR=3.08, 95%CI: 1.73~5.51), pulmonary infection (OR=3.47, 95%CI: 1.87~6.41), mechanical ventilation (OR=4.23, 95%CI: 1.94~9.18), and patent ductus arteriosus (OR=5.14, 95%CI: 2.43~10.78) were risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants (P＜0.05).

Low gestational age, low birth weight, mechanical ventilation, pulmonary infection, and patent ductus arteriosus are the risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants in Hainan. Effective measures should be taken to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants.