To investigate the pupil-dilating effects of different administration methods of compound topicarbamide eye drops in children.

This is a prospective randomized controlled study in which 88 patients (168 eyes) who received fundus examination under general anesthesia at the Department of Ophthalmology of Beijing Children's Hospital from May 2022 to December 2022 were included. These patients were divided randomly into either an experimental group or a control group. Compound topiramide was used for three times every three minutes before surgery in the control group. Compound topiramide was administered for four times every five minutes in the experimental group. The pupil diameters were measured before application of eye drop as well as 0 minute and 20 minutes after application.

There was no significant differences in age or gender between the control group and the experimental group (P>0.05). The pupil diameters before application and 0 minute and 20 minutes after application in the control group were (3.88±0.52) mm, (4.81±0.77) mm, and (6.12±0.90) mm, respectively; the corresponding values in the experimental group were (3.78±0.38) mm, (6.14±1.00) mm, and (7.58±1.01) mm. There was a statistically significant difference in pupil diameter between the two groups at 0 min and 20 min after usage (P<0.05).

The new administration method of compound topicarbamide (four times once every five minutes) can achieve better effect on pupil size for children who need fundus examination.

To compare the efficacy of intrathecal injection of pemetrexed via lumbar puncture and Ommaya capsule implantation for leptomeningeal metastasis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

The clinical data of 32 patients with non-small cell lung cancer with leptomeningeal metastasis diagnosed at the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from October 2021 to July 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into either a treatment group (n=22) or a control group (n=10). Patients in the treatment group were treated with radiotherapy, intrathecal injection of pemetrexed, and oral almonertinib. Among them, 10 patients were given pemetrexed via ommaya capsule injection (ommaya group), and 12 were given pemetrexed via lumbar puncture (lumbar puncture group). Ten patients in the control group were treated with radiotherapy and oral almonertinib. Patients in the ommaya group underwent ommaya capsule implantation, and received radiotherapy + target drug (almonertinib) + intraventricular chemotherapy (injection of pemetrexed) after operation. Patients in the lumbar puncture group were treated with radiotherapy + target drug (almonertinib) + intrathecal chemotherapy (injection of pemetrexed). Whole brain irradiation was given at 3 Gy per time, 5 times per week for 2 weeks. Oral almonertinib 110 mg was given once daily. The chemotherapy regimen was pemetrexed 30 mg, d1 and d8, every 3 weeks, and was continued until intolerance or death.

The survival time, modified Rankin scale scores, and Bathel scores before and after treatment in the two treatment groups were better than those in the control group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two treatment groups (P>0.05).

Intrathecal administration of pemetrexed, including direct administration through lumbar puncture and ommaya capsule implantation, is superior to oral administration in the treatment of leptomeningeal metastasis of small cell lung cancer, suggesting that these two routes of administration have good application prospects. However, due to the small sample size and other shortcomings, the conclusions of this study need to be confirmed by prospective studies with larger samples in the future.

To analyze the short-term clinical efficacy and safety of 630 nm laser combined with hematoporphyrin derivatives in the treatment of advanced bronchial lung cancer.

A total of 43 patients with pathologically diagnosed bronchial lung cancer who underwent interventional tumor reduction combined with treatment with 630 nm laser and hematoporphyrin derivatives, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy were selected at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from March 2019 to September 2023. The basic clinical features and adverse reactions after treatment were recorded, and chest CT and bronchoscopy were reviewed 1 month after treatment.

Chest CT showed that the tumor volume in the trachea or bronchus was significantly reduced after treatment, and ventilation was improved. Bronchoscopy showed that the tumor volume decreased or even disappeared after treatment. After 1 month of treatment, 31 patients (72.09%) were re-examined by chest CT and bronchoscopy, and the total effective rate was 70.97%. None of the 43 patients had serious complications, but 3 patients had common complications.

630 nm laser combined with hematoporphyrin derivatives has obvious clinical efficacy in the treatment of advanced bronchial lung cancer, and it can improve airway stenosis and relieve dyspnea, cough, and other symptoms with a favorable safety profile.

To investigate the efficacy and side effects of different dosages of colquhounia root in reducing urinary protein.

Patients who had been using angiotensin receptor antagonists for more than 3 months were given colquhounia root at the Taizhou Central Hospital. The changes of urinary protein, hepatic and renal function, and routine blood parameters were compared before and 4~20 weeks after treatment.

After 4, 8, and 20 weeks of treatment with colquhounia root, the random urinary protein/urinary creatinine ratio significantly decreased, with a total effective rate of 33.3%, 75.6%, and 81.5% , and marked effective rate of 0%, 15.4%, and 40.0%, respectively; and microalbuminuria also decreased significantly, with a total effective rate of 35.9%, 75.6%, and 80.0%, and marked effective rate of 0%, 19.2%, and 38.5%, respectively. The marked effective rate and total effective rate at 20 weeks were significantly higher in the high-dose group than in the low-dose group. The incidence of renal function injury was 20.5%, and the incidence of liver enzyme elevation was 15.4%.

Colquhounia root has appreciated curative effect in reducing urine protein with sligh side effects. The dose of colquhounia root is positively correlated with the decrease of urine protein.

To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Huobahuagen tablets combined with Huangkui capsules in treating diabetic kidney disease patients with a high or extremely high risk of disease progression.

Diabetic kidney disease patients with a high or extremely high risk of disease progression admitted to the outpatient ward of Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from March 2021 to March 2023 were included as the research subjects. They were randomly divided into either a control group or an observation group, with 55 cases in each group. The control group was treated with Huangkui capsules alone, while the observation group was treated with Huobahuagen tablets combined with Huangkui capsules. Both groups were treated for six months. The efficacy with regard to urine microalbumin/creatinine ratio (UACR), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), blood creatinine, cystatin C, renal function, and urinary protein was compared between the two groups. Adverse reactions were also compared.

After treatment, UACR and blood creatinine decreased significantly, eGFR increased significantly (P<0.05), and cystatin C showed a decreasing trend in the observation group, but there was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). In contrast, UACR, blood creatinine, and eGFR showed a downward trend in the control group after treatment, though the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05), and cystatin C increased significantly (P<0.05). The improvement of UACR, eGFR, and cystatin C (ΔUACR, ΔeGFR, and ΔCystatin C) after treatment in the observation group (ΔUACR, ΔeGFR, and ΔCystatin C) were significantly better than those of the control group (P<0.05). In terms of renal function, the observation group had 14 cases of significant improvement, 8 cases of improvement, 18 cases of no significant change, and 12 cases of ineffectiveness after treatment, with a total effective rate of 76.92%. In the control group, 6 cases showed significant improvement, 6 were effective, 11 were stable, and 28 were ineffective, with a total effective rate of 45.1%. The difference in overall effective rate with regard to renal function between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). In terms of urinary protein, in the observation group after treatment, there were 14 cases of short-term remission, 10 cases of significant improvement, 16 cases of effectiveness, and 12 cases of ineffectiveness, with a total effective rate of 76.92%. In the control group, there were eight cases of short-term remission, 6 cases of significant improvement, 19 cases of effectiveness, and 18 cases of ineffectiveness, with a total effective rate of 64.71%. The overall effective rate with regard to proteinuria in the observation group was higher than that of the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in adverse reaction rate between the observation and control groups (7.69% vs 3.92%, P>0.05).

The combination of Huobahuagen tablets and Huangkui capsules has significant clinical efficacy and safety in treating diabetic nephropathy patients with a high or extremely high risk of disease progression. The combination treatment has significant advantages in reducing urinary protein and protecting renal function.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Huobahuagen tablets for treating chronic glomerulonephritis by Meta-analysis.

The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane library, CNKI, Wan Fang, CBM, and VIP databases were searched by computer to collect randomized controlled trials of Huobahuagen tablets for treating chronic glomerulonephritis from the inception of the databases to September 2022. Effective data were extracted according to the quality evaluation standard of Cochrane Collaboration Network, and Revman 5.4 software was used for Meta-analysis to analyze the clinical efficacy of Huobahuagen tablets for chronic glomerulonephritis.

A total of 8 articles and 703 patients were included. The Meta-analysis results showed that compared with the control group, the Huobahuagen tablets treatment group had advantages of improving the clinical effective rate (relative risk [RR]=1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-1.48, P=0.02), decreasing 24-hour urine protein (mean difference [MD]=-1.51, 95%CI: -2.47--0.55, P=0.002) and blood urea nitrogen (MD=-0.53, 95%CI: -0.71--0.34, P<0.00001), improving serum albumin (MD=3.48, 95%CI: 2.72-4.25, P<0.00001), and decreasing urine red blood cells (MD=-11.46, 95%CI: -18.29--4.64, P=0.001). However, there was no significant difference between the treatment group and the control group in reducing serum creatinine and adverse reactions (P>0.05 for both).

Huobahuagen tablets has a good effect in the treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis, but more evidence from large-sample, multi-center, high-quality randomized controlled trials is still required.

To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Huobahuagen tablets combined with Yishen Xiaozhuo formula in the treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) with spleen-kidney qi deficiency and damp turbidity syndrome.

A total of 120 CGN patients with spleen-kidney qi deficiency and damp turbidity syndrome diagnosed at the outpatient clinic of Nephrology Department and National Medicine Hall of the First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the National Medical Hall from December 2019 to December 2021 were enrolled in this study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups using the table of random number method: control group and treatment group (60 cases in each group). On the basis of conventional treatment, the control group was given valsartan tablets combined with Yishen Xiaozhuo formula, while the treatment group was given Huobahuagen tablets with Yishen Xiaozhuo formula. The clinical efficacy, efficacy-related outcomes, Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome scores, and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups during a follow-up period of 6 months.

A total of 56 patients were included in the treatment group and 58 in the control group. In the treatment group, there were 32 males and 24 females, while in the control group, there were 36 males and 22 females. The average age in the treatment group was (51.09±14.33) years, and it was (50.05±12.23) years in the control group. The overall effective rate of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group (94.6% vs 75.9%, P<0.01). After treatment, the 24-h urine protein level, serum creatinine, total cholesterol, and triglyceride were lower than those before treatment, while TCM syndrome scores were lower and albumin levels were higher than those before treatment in both groups (P<0.01). Compared with the control group, the 24-h urine protein and triglyceride levels were both lower in the study group (P<0.05 for both). The differences in safety indicators (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase) were not statistically significant before and after treatment between the two groups (P>0.05 for both).

The combination of Huobahuagen tablets and Yishen Xiaozhuo formula can improve clinical efficacy, delay CKD progression, and improve renal function with appreciated safety in patients with CGN.

To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Qikui granules combined with Huobahuagen tablets in treating patients with stage G3A3 diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and to observe the effect on serum microRNA-21 (miRNA-21) level.

A randomized, parallel controlled clinical trial was conducted, in which patients diagnosed with stage G3A3 DKD were randomly divided into either a Chinese herb group or a control group in a 2:1 ratio. Routine western medicine was administered in both groups, and the Chinese herb group was additionally given Qikui granules combined with Huohuagen tablets . The treatment lasted 12 weeks for all patients. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) symptom scores, blood pressure, blood lipids, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR), urinary transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), laminin, and type Ⅳ collagen (Ⅳ-Col), and serum miRNA were observed in both groups.

Ninety-eight stage G3A3 DKD patients completed the study, including 32 patients in the control group and 66 in the Chinese herb group. After treatment, TCM syndrome scores, blood pressure, HbA_1c, blood lipids, and UACR were significantly decreased in both groups (P<0.05). TCM syndrome scores, cystatin C, and UACR in the Chinese herb group were significantly lower than those in the control group after treatment (4.60±2.09 vs 6.75±2.14, (1.70±0.46) mg/L vs (2.03±0.58) mg/L, 625(426, 1 306) mg/g vs 781(560, 1 462) mg/g, respectively; P<0.05 for all). There was no significant difference in blood pressure, HbA1c, blood lipids, or GFR between the two groups after treatment (P>0.05 for all). After treatment, urinary TGF-β1, laminin, and Ⅳ-Col in the Chinese herb group decreased significantly compared with those before treatment (P<0.05 for all). Notably, urinary TGF-β1 and laminin in the Chinese herb group decreased significantly compared with those in the control group after 12-week treatment [(139±46) μg/L vs (172±51) μg/L and (20.5±9.4) μg/L vs (28.7±11.5) μg/L, respectively; P<0.05 for both). After treatment, serum level of miRNA-21 increased significantly than that before treatment in both groups (P<0.05), and the increase in the Chinese herb group was superior to that in the control group (76.5%±10.6% vs 65.2%±8.3%, P<0.05).

Qikui granules combined with Huobahuagen tablets can ameliorate clinical symptoms, improve renal function, and alleviate urinary protein excretion in patients with stage G3A3 DKD. The therapeutic effect may be achieved by up-regulating the expression of miRNA-21 and inhibiting the expression of TGF-β1, which further reduces the production of laminin and Ⅳ-Col, components of glomerular mesangial extracellular matrix.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 18 traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) in the prevention and treatment of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in order to provide scientific evidence and guidance for clinical practitioners.

All the clinical studies related to TCM treatment of COVID-19 published as of March 16, 2023 were retrieved in six Chinese and English literature databases: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang Data, and VIP Database. The basic characteristics, sample size, intervention measures, and main outcomes of studies on 18 TCMs were compared and analyzed, and the GRADE approach was used to assess the quality of evidence.

Qingfei Paidu decoction, Lianhua Qingwen capsules (granules), Xuebijing injection, Shufeng Jiedu capsules, and other TCMs could effectively relieve the fever, cough, fatigue, and other symptoms of COVID-19 patients, shorten the hospitalization time and time to negative conversion of nucleic acid test result, increase the cure rate and recovery rate, reduce the rates of deterioration and mortality, improve pulmonary imaging manifestations, reduce inflammation level, and improve blood biochemical indicators and immune function indicators of the patients.

The 18 TCMs identified have obvious therapeutic effects and good safety for COVID-19.

To systematically analyze the main active ingredients, potential therapeutic targets, and mechanism of action of Honghuapingyou granules in the treatment of verruca plana by network pharmacology, and to establish the quality control index for Honghuapingyou granules on this basis.

With the help of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) database, the SwissTargetPrediction database, and the Symptom Mapping (SymMap) database, the main active components and targets of Honghuapingyou granules were screened. The relevant targets of verruca plana were retrieved with the help of the Human Gene Database GeneCards and the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database. The Protein-Protein Interaction Networks (PPI) diagram of potential targets was constructed with the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) database, and the network diagram of "Honghuapingyou granules-active ingredient-target action" was constructed using Cytoscape 3.7.2 software. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed with the help of the gene function annotation analysis database Matascape, and the network diagram of the "active ingredient-core target-signaling pathway" was constructed with Cytoscape software. Finally, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the content of hydroxysafflower yellow A, the main index component in Honghuapingyou granules.

A total of 157 active ingredients and 94 core targets were screened through network pharmacology. In addition, Honghuapingyou granules play a role in the treatment of verruca plana possibly by regulating signaling pathways such as interleukin-17 (IL-17) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). The results of HPLC showed that the linear relationship between hydroxysafflower yellow A was good in the range of 6-120 mg/L (r=0.9996), the relative standard deviation (RSD) values of precision, repeatability, and stability were less than 3%, the average recovery rate was 96.17%-101.85%, the RSD was 2.19% (n=6), and the average content was 0.0576 mg/g.

The mechanism of action of Honghuapingyou granules in the treatment of verruca plana has been preliminarily explored through network pharmacology, and the quantitative study of hydroxysafflower yellow A, the selected quality control index component, provides a basis for the study of pharmacodynamics and quality standard improvement of Honghuapingyou granules in the treatment of verruca plana.

To identify potential therapeutic agents for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) patients by conducting a network Meta-analysis (NMA) and systematic review.

A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on patients with AAA for further analysis. The primary outcome was AAA events, which were defined as AAA dilation or rupture. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) probability values were applied to rank the drugs. The Bayesian framework was used in an NMA to investigate drugs that could prevent dilatation and rupture of AAA.

A total of 10 RCTs including 2234 patients with AAA were included. Patients under pharmacological therapies exhibited a comparable incidence of AAA events to those treated with placebo, with a pooled relative risk (RR) of 0.85 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.28-2.58), 1.24 (95%CI: 0.51-3.07), 0.98 (95%CI: 0.55-1.72), 2.39 (95%CI: 0.57-18.45), 1.21 (95%CI: 0.43-3.39), 1.22 (95%CI: 0.69-2.11), 0.80 (95%CI: 0.22-2.66), and 1.32 (95%CI: 0.47-3.83) for amlodipine, azithromycin, doxycycline, pemirolast, perindopril, propranolol, roxithromycin, and telmisartan, respectively. A total of 5 studies (1284 patients) reported adverse events associated with drug therapy. There was no significant difference in the risk of adverse events with doxycycline, pimirolast, and telmisartan compared with placebo, and the pooled RR values were 1.06 (95%CI: 0.95-1.18), 1.01 (95%CI: 0.88-1.17), and 1.07 (95%CI: 0.85-1.37), respectively.

This NMA demonstrated that no drugs have a definitive therapeutic effect on AAA, and further prospective RCTs are still required.

To investigate the therapeutic effects of tripterygium glycosides combined with mycophenolate mofetil and glucocorticoid on immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy, and to explore the possible mechanism of action involved.

A total of 150 patients with IgA nephropathy admitted to the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from May 2020 to June 2022 were enrolled and divided into either a control group (n=75) or an experimental group (n=75) using the random number table methods. Both groups were treated with glucocorticoid. In addition, the control group was treated with tripterygium glycosides, and the experimental group was treated with mycophenolate mofetil combined with tripterygium glycosides. Both groups were treated continuously for 6 months. Before and after treatment, renal function indexes [24-hour urinary protein quantification, serum creatinine (Scr), and urea nitrogen (BUN)], humoral immune indexes [IgA and immunoglobulin G (IgG)], inflammatory factors [interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)], and oxidative stress indexes [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA)] were detected. The efficacy and each detected index were compared between the two groups, and the adverse reactions were recorded.

In the final study, there were 70 patients in the experimental group and 71 in the control group. The mean age of patients in the experimental group was (42.2±6.2) years, while it was (41.9±5.8) years in the control group. The total effective rate of the experimental group was 95.71%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (70.28%; P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of 24 h urinary protein, Scr, and BUN were all lower in the experimental group than in the control group (P<0.05 for all). After treatment, the levels of serum IL-6, TNF-α, and MDA in the experimental group were all significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05 for all), and the level of SOD was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (18.57% vs 12.68%, P>0.05).

The combination of tripterygium glycosides and mycophenolate mofetil in the treatment of IgA nephropathy has a good effect, which can reduce the inflammatory response and regulate the imbalance of oxidative stress, thereby improving the renal function of patients.

To analyze the antimicrobial drug resistance of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) and the possible mechanisms in Zhangjiakou, China.

A total of 49 non-repetitive CRPA isolates from clinical samples were collected in Zhangjiakou, China between June 2021 and July 2022 for strain identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. DNA was extracted from CRPA isolates, and next-generation sequencing technology was used to sequence their genomes to explore their resistance mechanisms.

The resistance rates of 49 strains of CRPA to different antibacterial drugs were as follows: imipenem 100%, meropenem 75.51%, amikacin 63.27%, levofloxacin 57.14%, ceftazidime 55.10%, polymyxin B 55.10%, cefepime 55.10%, ceftolozane-tazobactam 53.06%, piperacillin-tazobactam 46.94%, ciprofloxacin 46.94%, ceftazidime-avibactam 46.94%, imipenem-relebactam 36.73%, amoxicillin 34.68%, ceftolozane-tazobactam 34.69%, colistin 28.57%, and polymyxin B 6.12%. Among the 49 CRPA strains, only 3 were found to carry carbapenemase genes, and 14 carried the OXA-10 type β-lactamase gene.

Carbapenemase production is the main resistance mechanism of CRPA to carbapenems in areas other than Zhangjiakou. The specific mechanism still requires further experimental investigation.

To systematically evaluate the risk of proteinuria and serious proteinuria due to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGFR-TKI) in cancer patients.

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of VEGFR-TKI in the treatment of tumors were collected by searching relevant databases at home and abroad (up to March 2023). The patients who were treated with VEGFR-TKI were enrolled into the trial group, and those who received placebo or other drugs (except for VEGFR-TKI) were enrolled into the control group. The outcomes included the incidence of proteinuria and serious proteinuria. The quality of the enrolled literature was evaluated using the Jadad scoring system. Meta-analysis was conducted with STATA 12.0 software. The results are expressed as relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

A total of 19 RCTs involving 5 246 patients were enrolled, including 3 173 in the test group and 2 073 in the control group. Literature quality evaluation showed that 18 articles were of high quality and 1 was of low grade. Meta-analysis showed that the incidence of proteinuria and serious proteinuria in the trial group was significantly higher than that of the control group, respectively [20.74% (658/3173) vs 7.48% (155/2073), RR=2.54, 95%CI (1.86~3.46), P<0.001; 2.87% (91/3173) vs 0.43% (9/2073), RR=4.41, 95%CI (2.47~7.89), P<0.001]. Subgroup analysis showed that the incidence of proteinuria and serious proteinuria in the pazopanib group was significantly higher than that of the control group [11.69% (124/1061) vs 4.35% (39/897), RR=2.80, 95%CI (1.11~7.08), P<0.05; 1.79% (19/1061) vs 0.45% (4/897), RR=3.57, 95%CI (1.25~10.25), P<0.05]; the incidence of proteinuria in the apatinib group, fruquintinib group, regorafenib group, and anlotinib group was significantly higher than that of the control group [44.27% (112/253) vs 14.88% (25/168), RR=2.85, 95%CI (1.93~4.21), P<0.001; 40.41% (137/339) vs 23.21% (39/168), RR=1.74, 95%CI (1.28~2.35), P<0.001; 8.27% (55/665) vs 1.79% (6/335), RR=4.51, 95%CI (1.97~10.34), P<0.001; 27.12% (96/354) vs 12.00% (24/200), RR=2.16, 95%CI (1.43~3.27), P<0.001]; and the incidence of serious proteinuria in the lenvatinib group was significantly higher than that of the control group [8.97% (28/312) vs 0.55% (1/181), RR=11.78, 95%CI (2.01~68.93), P<0.01].

The application of VEGFR-TKI in cancer patients can increase the risk of proteinuria and serious proteinuria. When pazopanib and lenvatinib are used clinically, renal function monitoring should be strengthened.