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中华临床医师杂志(电子版) ›› 2023, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (06) : 711 -719. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-0785.2023.06.015

临床研究

北京市石景山区40岁及以上居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病患病情况及相关危险因素分析
孙培培, 张二明, 时延伟, 赵春燕, 宋萍萍, 张硕, 张克, 周玉娇, 赵璨, 闫维, 吴蓉菊, 宋丽萍, 郭伟安, 马石头, 安欣华, 包曹歆, 向平超()   
  1. 100144 北京,北京大学首钢医院呼吸与危重症医学科
    100043 北京,石景山区疾病预防控制中心
  • 收稿日期:2022-05-12 出版日期:2023-06-15
  • 通信作者: 向平超

Prevalence and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in residents aged 40 years and above in Shijingshan district of Beijing

Peipei Sun, Erming Zhang, Yanwei Shi, Chunyan Zhao, Pingping Song, Shuo Zhang, Ke Zhang, Yujiao Zhou, Can Zhao, Wei Yan, Rongju Wu, Liping Song, Weian Guo, Shitou Ma, Xinhua An, Caoxin Bao, Pingchao Xiang()   

  1. Blood Purification Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China
    Shijingshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100043, China
  • Received:2022-05-12 Published:2023-06-15
  • Corresponding author: Pingchao Xiang
引用本文:

孙培培, 张二明, 时延伟, 赵春燕, 宋萍萍, 张硕, 张克, 周玉娇, 赵璨, 闫维, 吴蓉菊, 宋丽萍, 郭伟安, 马石头, 安欣华, 包曹歆, 向平超. 北京市石景山区40岁及以上居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病患病情况及相关危险因素分析[J]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(06): 711-719.

Peipei Sun, Erming Zhang, Yanwei Shi, Chunyan Zhao, Pingping Song, Shuo Zhang, Ke Zhang, Yujiao Zhou, Can Zhao, Wei Yan, Rongju Wu, Liping Song, Weian Guo, Shitou Ma, Xinhua An, Caoxin Bao, Pingchao Xiang. Prevalence and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in residents aged 40 years and above in Shijingshan district of Beijing[J]. Chinese Journal of Clinicians(Electronic Edition), 2023, 17(06): 711-719.

目的

研究北京石景山区40岁及以上居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的患病情况及相关危险因素。

方法

2019年6月至12月采用随机抽样方法对北京石景山区10个社区40岁及以上居民进行监测。对研究对象进行问卷调查和身体测量,所有研究对象均进行吸入支气管舒张药物前、后肺功能检查以调查COPD患病情况及相关危险因素。

结果

共有4096名监测对象具有可靠的药后肺功能结果并被纳入最终研究,其中男性1886名(46.0%),女性2210名(54.0%)。总体患病率为10.2%,男性为13.8%,高于女性的7.1%,并且随着年龄的增加COPD患病率亦升高。在诊断的COPD患者中,49.8%的患者为中-重度阻塞(GOLD分级Ⅱ~Ⅳ级),37.5%的人群做过肺功能检查,12.5%了解自己曾诊断COPD。吸烟是COPD的主要危险因素(OR=1.94,95%CI:1.45~2.58,P<0.05),COPD的患病率与吸烟包年数呈正相关,仍有已知自己为COPD的患者未戒烟。其他的危险因素包括男性(OR=1.52,95%CI:1.22~2.05,P<0.05)、年龄增加(OR=1.66,95%CI:1.34~2.41,P<0.05)、呼吸道疾病家族史(OR=1.73,95%CI:1.33~2.23,P<0.05),幼时支气管炎/肺炎病史(OR=2.035,95%CI:1.339~3.095,P<0.05)。

结论

北京石景山区40岁及以上居民COPD患病率较高。目前需要制定针对疾病预防、早期诊断、疾病管理的策略以降低COPD疾病负担。

Objective

To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in residents aged 40 years and above in Shijingshan district of Beijing.

Methods

The residents aged 40 years and above in 10 communities of Shijingshan district of Beijing were included by random sampling method from June to December 2019. Questionnaire survery, physical measurement, pulmonary function examination before and after bronchodilator treatment were conducted on all the subjects. COPD was diagnosed based on the 2020 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria. The prevalence of COPD and related risk factors were investigated in those subjects.

Results

A total of 4 096 participants had reliable post-bronchodilator results and were included in the final analysis, including 1 886 males (46.0%) and 2 210 females (54.0%). The overall prevalence of COPD was 10.2%, and it was higher in men (13.8%) than in women (7.1%). The prevalence of COPD increased with age. Among adults with COPD, 49.8% (95%) had moderate or severe disease (GOLD stageⅡ-Ⅳ), 37.5% reported that they had a previous pulmonary function test, and 12.5% knew their diagnosis of COPD. Smoking was the main risk factor for COPD (odds ratio [OR]=1.94,95% confidence interval [CI]:1.45-2.58, P<0.05). The prevalence of COPD was positively related to the pack-years of smoking. Certain COPD patients had not quit smoking although they knew that they had COPD. Other risk factors for COPD included male gender (OR=1.52, 95%CI: 1.22-2.05, P<0.05), older age (OR=1.66, 95%CI: 1.34-2.41, P<0.05), family history of lung disease (OR=1.73, 95%CI: 1.33-2.23, P<0.05), and history of bronchitis/pneumonia in childhood (OR=2.035, 95%CI: 1.339-3.095, P<0.05).

Conclusions

The prevalence of COPD in Shijingshan residents aged 40 and above is high. Strategies for prevention, early diagnosis, and management of COPD are urgently needed to reduce COPD-related burden.

表1 本研究抽样方法
表1 本研究人群特征分析
项目 总体(n=4096) 男性(n=1886) 女性(n=2210)
平均年龄(岁,
x¯
60.70±11.44 60.35±11.53 60.99±11.34
体质指数(kg/m2
x¯
±s
25.37±5.60 25.65±7.08 25.14±3.86
教育水平(%)
小学及更低 8.6 5.7 11.1
中学 65.5 64.2 66.6
大学及更高 25.9 30.1 22.3
吸烟(%)
从不吸烟 65.3 32.3 93.5
以前吸烟 11.8 23.3 1.9
目前仍吸烟 22.9 44.4 4.6
吸烟暴露(平均包年数) 23.23 24.07 18.38
0包(%) 65.3 32.3 93.5
1~9包(%) 8.4 14.3 3.4
10~19包(%) 7.9 15.4 1.5
≥20包(%) 18.4 38.0 1.6
家庭被动吸烟(%)
0 66.4 81.2 53.8
被动1 27.8 14.9 38.8
被动≥2 5.8 3.9 7.4
工作被动吸烟(%)
0 55.0 46.0 62.6
被动1 4.2 4.4 3.9
被动≥2 40.9 46.9 33.5
接触油烟(%) 86.1 78.5 92.6
接触煤燃料(%) 13.8 14.2 13.5
粉尘接触(%) 26.6 32.5 21.5
工作性质(%)
无业 5.0 3.6 6.3
务农 2.9 1.9 3.7
技术 37.1 43.8 31.4
管理 19.6 23.1 16.6
服务 17.1 12.0 21.5
其他 18.3 15.7 20.6
收入(%)
低等 4.2 3.0 5.2
中等 64.9 55.9 72.7
高等 30.9 41.1 22.2
早产儿(%) 0.8 0.6 1.0
过敏史(%) 19.7 17.3 21.8
家族史(%) 15.6 14.4 16.6
肺结核病史(%) 3.5 3.9 3.1
幼时支气管炎/肺炎病史(%) 8.7 8.3 9.0
幼时慢性咳嗽(%) 5.3 4.1 6.4
听过COPD(%) 37.1 32.2 41.2
未听过COPD(%) 62.9 67.7 58.8
做过肺功能(%) 24.0 23.5 24.3
未做过肺功能(%) 76.0 76.5 75.7
咳嗽(%)
从不 55.9 52.9 58.4
偶尔 39.5 41.4 37.8
经常 4.6 5.7 3.8
咳痰(%)
从不 60.7 57.5 63.4
偶尔 35.5 37.9 33.6
经常 3.8 4.7 3.0
喘息(%)
从不 77.1 75.2 78.6
偶尔 20.6 22.1 19.4
经常 2.3 2.7 2.0
气短(%)
从不 59.8 58.0 61.3
偶尔 36.0 37.5 34.7
经常 4.2 4.5 4.0
疲劳(%)
从不 56.6 54.5 58.5
偶尔 37.0 39.0 35.3
经常 6.4 6.6 6.2
肺功能(
x¯
±s
药前FEV1(L) 2.47±2.87 2.87±4.14 2.12±0.49
药后FEV1(L) 2.57±4.19 3.01±6.11 2.19±0.49
药前FVC(L) 3.04±0.95 3.51±1.07 2.63±0.58
药后FVC(L) 3.23±6.21 3.54±0.76 2.95±8.44
药前FEV1/FVC(%) 82.06±12.31 79.07±8.55 84.65±16.8
药后FEV1/FVC(%) 81.33±13.80 80.02±8.41 82.46±17.06
表2 不同调查人群慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患病率情况(%)
项目 总体 男性 女性 项目 总体 男性 女性
患病率 10.2 13.8 7.1 患病率 10.2 13.8 7.1
年龄(岁) 防护
40~49 5.6 6.8 4.5 13.3 13.4 13.1
50~59 9.6 11.1 8.1 15.7 19.5 11.1
60~69 9.7 15.7 6.5 χ2 1.255 4.041 0.480
70~79 11.2 18.3 6.5 P 0.263 0.044 0.488
80以上 19.5 27.2 12.6 早产儿
χ2 51.676 48.251 13.786 8.8 8.3 9.1
P <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 10.2 13.8 7.0
体质指数(kg/m2 χ2 0.067 0.302 0.140
<18.5 8.6 15.8 7.7 P 0.796 0.583 0.708
≥18.5~24 12.4 16.9 8.4 过敏史
≥24~28 9.4 12.9 6.3 12.0 15.0 10.0
≥28 8.1 10.6 5.9 9.7 13.5 6.2
χ2 12.481 8.449 2.853 χ2 3.825 0.514 7.992
P 0.006 0.038 0.415 P 0.050 0.473 0.005
教育水平 呼吸道家族史
小学或更低 13.9 25.0 9.0 16.1 22.4 11.5
中学 10.4 14.5 7.0 9.1 12.3 6.2
大学或更高 8.3 10.0 6.3 χ2 29.696 19.966 13.042
χ2 9.578 18.738 1.833 P <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
P 0.008 <0.001 0.400 肺结核病史
收入水平 18.3 23.0 13.2
7.0 8.8 6.1 9.9 13.4 6.9
10.8 15.9 7.4 χ2 10.717 5.470 4.080
9.3 11.2 6.1 P 0.001 0.019 0.043
χ2 0.196 9.444 1.122 幼时肺炎支气管炎
P 0.123 0.009 0.571 20.2 28.7 13.5
工作性质 9.2 12.4 6.4
无业 10.7 14.9 8.6 χ2 42.921 31.889 13.906
务农 12.0 19.4 8.6 P <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
技术 11.3 14.3 7.8 幼时慢性咳嗽病史
管理 9.5 13.6 4.6 26.0 41.6 17.6
服务 8.4 13.7 5.9 9.3 12.1 6.5
其他 9.7 11.8 8.4 χ2 63.871 52.098 24.634
χ2 5.595 2.194 7.269 P <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
P 0.348 0.822 0.201 咳嗽
吸烟状态 从不 7.5 9.2 6.2
从不吸烟 7.2 7.9 7.0 偶尔 12.6 17.7 7.8
吸烟 15.8 16.6 8.3 经常 21.6 28.0 13.3
以前吸烟 19.5 20.5 9.3 χ2 54.869 45.714 6.970
仍吸烟 13.8 14.6 7.9 P <0.001 <0.001 0.031
χ2 74.975 26.379 0.381 咳痰
P <0.001 <0.001 0.537 从不 7.6 9.2 6.4
吸烟暴露(包年) 偶尔 13.3 18.5 8.2
0 7.2 7.9 7.0 经常 21.9 31.8 9.0
<9 12.7 14.1 7.9 χ2 56.613 56.326 2.960
<19 14.9 15.5 9.1 P <0.001 <0.001 0.228
患病率 10.2 13.8 7.1 患病率 10.2 13.8 7.1
>20 17.6 18.0 8.6 喘息
χ2 4.431 2.493 0.047 从不 6.9 9.2 5.0
P 0.109 0.288 0.977 偶尔 19.2 25.7 12.9
室内油烟暴露 经常 38.9 46.0 31.1
9.3 13.8 6.1 χ2 198.789 118.654 72.693
15.3 13.8 18.9 P <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
χ2 13.321 <0.001 37.876 气短
P <0.001 0.996 <0.001 从不 6.5 9.3 4.3
燃煤暴露 偶尔 14.0 18.2 10.2
10.6 15.7 6 经常 28.2 34.1 22.5
9.3 13.5 7.2 χ2 121.387 59.519 59.566
χ2 0.327 0.935 0.569 P <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
P 0.567 0.334 0.451 疲劳
工作中接触粉尘 从不 8.4 12.3 5.3
14.6 16.6 12.0 偶尔 12.1 15.5 8.8
8.5 12.4 5.7 经常 14.9 16.1 13.9
χ2 32.264 6.223 22.517 χ2 20.877 4.400 19.866
P <0.001 0.013 <0.001 P <0.001 0.111 <0.001
表3 本调查慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者GOLD分级[例(%)]
表4 本调查慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者的症状分布(%)
表5 不同人群对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的认知情况(%)
表6 不同GOLD分级患者对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的认知情况(%)
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